Entry

What are the seven QC tools

Sep 11th, 2008 14:27
Raj Aryan, Viju Chellamuthu,

Cause and Effect Diagram 
The cause and effect diagram is also called the fishbone chart because 
of its appearance and the Ishakowa chart after the man who popularized 
its use in Japan. Its most frequent use is to list the cause of 
particular problems. The lines coming off the core horizontal line are 
the main causes and the lines coming off those are sub causes.
Run Chart 
The run chart shows the history and pattern of variation. It is helpful 
to indicate on the chart whether up is good or down is good. This tool 
is used at the beginning of the change process to see what the problems 
are. It is used at the end (check) part of the change process to see 
whether the change has resulted in a permanent improvement.
Scatter Diagram 
The scatter diagram shows the pattern of relationship between two 
variables that are thought to be related. For example is there a 
relationship between out side temperature and cases of the common cold? 
As temperatures drop, do colds increase. The closer the points hug a 
diagonal line the more closely there is a one to one relationship.
Flowchart 
The flowchart lists the order of activities. The circle symbol 
indicates the beginning or end of the process. The box indicates action 
items and the diamond indicates decision points. A beneficial technique 
is to map the ideal process and the actual process and identify the 
differences as targets for improvements.
Pareto Chart 
The Pareto shows the distribution of items and arranges them from the 
most frequent to the least frequent with the final bar being misc. The 
tool is named after Wilfredo Pareto, the Italian economist who 
determined that wealth is not evenly distributed. Some of the people 
have most of the money. This tool is a graphical picture of the most 
frequent causes of a particular problem. It shows where to put your 
initial effort to get the most gain.
 Histogram 
The histogram is a bar chart showing a distribution of variables. An 
example would be to line up by height a group of people in a course. 
Normally one would be the tallest and one would be the shortest and 
there would be a cluster of people around an average height. Hence the 
phrase "normal distribution". This tool helps identify the cause of 
problems in process by the shape of the distribution as well as the 
width of the distribution.
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Control Chart 
The control chart is a line chart with control limits. It is based on 
the work of Shewhart and Deming. By mathematically constructing control 
limits at 3 standard deviations above and below the average, one can 
determine what variation is due to normal ongoing causes (common 
causes) and what variation is produced by unique events (special 
causes). By eliminating the special causes first and then reducing 
common causes, quality can be improved. 
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